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How exactly does a Google Search Engine works?

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How exactly does a Google search work? 

If one searches for something in Google, he actually searches in Google's index of the web. It can be done with a software program named Spiders, which starts by bringing a few web pages. Then, they follow the links on those few web pages and bring the pages they direct to and follow the links on those pages and fetch the pages they point to and it goes on till it forms a big index of many billion pages, which are saved throughout thousands of machines.  

For an instance, if you are interested to know something about Apple iphone 6s and you type these words on search box and hit enter. Spiders will search in Google Index to detect every page that has these terms in it. Actually, there will be thousands of possibilities. Google will sort out the most relevant possible results from these thousands of possibilities by the formula invented by their founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin. 

Formula for finding out a web page's importance just by looking at how many outside link point to it, are as follows: 
*By finding the number of times this page have that particular keyword(s).
*By keyword(s) appearing in the title, URL and directly adjacent.
*By finding whether those pages have synonyms of the keywords.
*By detecting the quality of those pages. 
*By knowing the PageRank of that particular page. 

And after finding out the importance of the pages, Google combines all the factors together to give the overall score for every page and it sends the result back in less than a second after you hit enter. Google takes a serious involvement in producing useful and impartial search results. Google do not accept payment to add a site to their index, update it more often or enhance its ranking. 

If we take a look at each search result, it shows a title, a URL and a snippet of text which helps people in deciding if this is a page, for which you are really looking for. And one can see links to other similar pages, Google's most recent stored version of that page and some other related searches which you can try further.
 
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